Social Science Research

Sociology centers around the investigation of society. The examination fixates on the significance of the logical technique in producing all the more persuading sociology points of view. The exploration centers around the common sciences and physical sciences to help the sociology research exercises. The logical technique too and the other related sciences add to an increasingly compelling and persuading sociology research course of actions.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Science Research explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More as far as brain research of gathering conduct, the social logical inquiry is: What is the impact of taste on the forthcoming clients’ item inclination. The inquiry is huge for investigation. The inquiry will help distinguish the forthcoming and current client’s item inclinations. The consequences of the exploration will help company’s character which item ought to be organized. The expense of t he examination is negligible contrasted with delivering loads of products that are unsalable. The company’s gigantic publicizing financial plan would go to nothing when the present and planned customers will not accepting items that are not in accordance with their taste inclinations. Every individual has a novel taste inclination. Some favor espresso, others lean toward drinks. Some favor chocolates, others lean toward mint confections. Some incline toward pork food items, others favor chicken food items. Some lean toward McDonald’s cheeseburgers, others incline toward Kentucky Fried Chicken. Some incline toward office garments, others lean toward work garments. The rundown can continue endlessly. The exploration will decrease the mystery and disappointment of delivering items will doesn't fill the segregating forthcoming objective market’s needs, needs, and whims (Black, 2002). In what capacity should the study be led? The main sub-question shows that he overv iew can be led by letting the respondents answer inquiries in a review structure or oral structure. A few respondents incline toward the study structure since it is grounded on security. Then again, individuals in the region can hear the respondents’ answer to orally made inquiries. The overview can be directed by letting the respondents take a trial of two contending items. The overview will demonstrate which item will be picked by the respondent, as per taste. The overview can be led in colleges, kindergarten or center school areas. The diverse school gatherings will produce an alternate arrangement of overview results. The aftereffects of the center school respondents may contrast or copy the overview consequences of the college understudies. The review can be directed in supermarkets. The specialist can set up a trial table for the basic food item guests to unreservedly participate in the examination. The activity abstains from getting the overview consequences of individ ual who don't visit the supermarkets. The trial can be directed by setting up a trial table along a bustling city intersection. The individuals everything being equal, sexual orientation, religion, race, or different backgrounds can contribute their offer in deciding the most looked for in the wake of taste.Advertising Looking for exposition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The overview will prohibit other conceivable trial respondents who don't go along the bustling city intersection. The trial can be directed in the first part of the day or toward the evening. The trial will demonstrate the taste inclinations of caught up with morning individuals. Then again, the evening trial will bar the bustling morning individuals as potential respondents. The trial can be led during the planned clients’ top hours or during their non-top hours. The analyst will assemble more examination information if the explora tion was directed during top hours. Notwithstanding, the downpour of the long line of respondents will decrease the amount and nature of the trial procedure. The analyst must diminish the trial schedule opening so as to oblige more trial respondents. The scientist can produce the trial result from 50 respondents. Then again, the exploration can have all the more persuading trial results if the respondents arrive at least 500 respondents (Yates, 2004). By what method should the review questions’ results be planned and classified? The subsequent sub-question centers around how the review addresses will planned and arranged. The subsequent sub-question centers around the substance of the overview questions. The study question may show the respondents’ names, contact numbers, and addresses. A few respondents openly give their own information to the analysts. Nonetheless, different gatherings of people like to conceal their character. The United States constitution gives ev erybody the privilege to security. Consequently, the respondent can tell the analyst that the individual in question chooses for conceal one’s character by not expressing any close to home data on the overview structure. The review structure may demonstrate the person’s age, sex, occupation, instruction fulfillment, or conjugal status. The respondents can fill the spaces requesting the respondent’s normal month to month pay. The respondents can fill the overview addresses asking one’s religion (Yates, 2004). By what means should the accumulated information be deciphered? The third issue centers around how assembled trial results will be deciphered. The examination may utilize various apparatuses to decipher the above assembled research information. The exploration may utilize the mean factual instrument in the translation procedure. A similar analyst may execute the standard deviation to respond to the trial question. The exploration can utilize investiga tion of fluctuation to decide whether the there is a huge distinction between various gatherings when taking the trial results. The gatherings might be isolated concurring the respondents’ age. The gathering might be isolated agreeing one’s gender.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Social Science Research explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The examination may decide whether there is noteworthy contrast between the trial aftereffects of the respondents as per instructive fulfillment. The analyst may utilize the mode factual device to decipher the assembled trial results. The analyst can utilize the recurrence factual instrument to decide the recurrence consequences of the distinctive respondent gatherings. The specialist can utilize the positioning factual apparatus as reason for concocting a response to the examination question. The analyst can utilize the chi-square measurable instrument to decide whether there is a connection bet ween the respondent gatherings as far as noting the trial overview questions (Yates, 2004). The social logical technique gives a total structure to examining the three exploration issues that were recognized. The initial three stages of the standard logical technique are characterizing the inquiry, gathering pertinent data and references, and framing an illustrative speculation. The following three stages of the standard logical procedure are trying the theory by playing out a test, breaking down the accumulated data, and deciphering the assembled data and creating ends. The last strides of the standard logical procedure are distributing the consequences of the logical investigation, and retesting the logical procedure to decide whether similar outcomes will be rehashed (Aronson, 2011). As far as the main sub-question, the analyst can present all the eight stages of the logical procedure to decide whether the study can be directed by letting the respondents answer inquiries in a stu dy structure or oral structure. The analyst can assemble pertinent data and references on the various information gathering forms, particularly the overview perspective and the oral meeting viewpoint. The analyst can frame a logical theory that oral meeting and the utilization of reviews are legitimate strategies for social occasion important information. Next the specialist can test the theory by directing a review and oral meeting. The specialist can assemble the aftereffects of the overview explore and the oral meeting test as reason for deciphering whether the study technique and the oral strategy are substantial information gathering strategies. The examination can distribute the consequences of the logical technique. The outcomes may incorporate confirmation or invalidation of the recommended review inquiries as suitable information gathering methodology. In conclusion, another gathering of social and logical specialists can retest the equivalent logical trial on the productio n of review questions. The redundancy will insist or contest the discoveries of the principal logical test on the inquiry producing theory as substantial information gathering forms (Aronson, 2011).Advertising Searching for article on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The specialist can execute all the eight stages of the social logical procedure to decide whether the subsequent sub-question centers around how the study addresses will defined and organized. Also, a similar analyst can actualize all the eight stages of the logical procedure to build up the best arrangement of overview questions. The scientist can accumulate related data and assets on the most down to earth technique for producing information gathering questions. The analyst can frame a logical speculation that the consideration old enough, sex, occupation, and religion, and other information are legitimate strategies for get-together applicable information. Next the analyst can test the speculation by making one’s own arrangement of information gathering questions. The specialist can explore on the most ideal arrangement of inquiries posed in standard social examination and logical exploration exercises. The specialist can utilize the arrangements of inquiries as reason for deciphering whether the chose questions are substantial information gathering strategies. The examination c

Boxing Day Trading Extended Across †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Boxing Day Trading Extended Across. Answer: Presentation: The Boxing Day should be an open occasion, which is commended on the main after a long time after the Christmas Day. The businesses make strides so as to open their shops on the day and maintain them opened in control to fulfill the requirements of the customers ensuing to Christmas festivity. The various parts of the adjustment in the structure and the working of the retail shops and their proprietors are encouraged by the exchange that is embraced by in the day. In any case, the changes that are being arranged by the alliance governments have taken the side of the representatives. The Boxing Day exchange decide that was attempted by the business people is influenced by the best possible working of the Act (Tin 2017). The explanation behind the dissatisfaction with numerous business visionaries to the Act depends on the way that the demonstration has restricted the extent of business on the Boxing Day (Patty 2017). It will be influencing the business embraced by the retailers on that day, as they would not have the option to open their shops or the workplaces without the appointment of the representatives who are not ready to chip away at that day. The demonstration that is being proposed by the legislature has made it compulsory for the businesses to close their shops and workplaces on the day as there would not be any thought with respect to the loss of business (Take the Time 2018). Along these lines, the businesses are worried about the misfortune they may embrace through the end of the meetings for the afternoon. Openly choose for take a shot at Boxing Day The proviso of the uninhibitedly choose for chip away at the Boxing Day has helped in guaranteeing the representatives agree to work. In any case, there are issues that are looked by the representatives because of the end of the days business, as it would aggregate devastation pressure for them on the following day. Then again, the comprehension of the exchange needs among the representatives can be distinguished through the extra-pay that they may get through the presentation of their separate occupation jobs on the day (Pearson 2017). The retailers and the laborers have partiality for working in the Boxing day as they would prefer not to demolish their business for the day as the majority of the shopping is done on that day. The correct comprehension of the business circumstance has driven the administration to make strides so as to permit the enclosing day exchanging request to encourage the organizations that are being taken by the retailers and the proprietors of the business. I n any case, there is s condition of the free choose for work which has influenced the accessibility of the representatives to work in that day. In this manner, the Labor associations and the SDA parties have confronted difficulties so as to gather workers for keeping up the pace of business. The gatherings have confronted the trouble of aggregating the work power for chipping away at that day, as the vast majority of the representatives are occupied with their families (Perrottet 2017). All the workers may restrict to the working of the Boxing Day Free exchange as that would influence their residential lives. The best possible comprehension of the demonstration has empowered the comprehension of the various parts of the adjustment in the structure and the working of the organizations on that day (Murphy 2017). The greater part of the workers are accounted for as they responded to the article of Act saying that their family life is influenced with the working of the demonstration. They feel pressurized by the businesses to work in that day, which may be helpful for the proprietor yet at the expense of their own protection. Discussions around Boxing Day exchanging The demonstration that is being passed by the administrations on the side of the Boxing Day has helped in the comprehension of the various morals that are consolidated with the Act. Consequentialism is a sort of moral idea, which helps in the comprehension of the lead of a person through the judgment of the exercises attempted by the equivalent. In this specific situation, the piece of the Boxing Day Act has helped in the comprehension of the various parts of the adjustment in the frameworks and the working of the go about according to the prerequisites of the representatives and the businesses (Nine News 2017). The downplaying of the necessities of the representatives comparable to the entry of the Act has helped in the comprehension of the moral standard that is being utilized in this specific circumstance. Then again, the productivity of the association or the retailers is likewise being followed by the law that is being passed by the administration. The morals depends on the comprehension of the various parts of the obligations that are being decided in this unique situation. The significant parts of the change that is being attempted by the legislatures depends on the assurance of the diverse activity jobs that is required to work dependent on then judgment of the duties and the need of the job (Inside Retail 2017). It depends on the obligations that the workers are exposed to and the faithfulness of the equivalent, which is regulated through the morals of Deontology. The unwinding on the Boxing Day Trading limitations has influenced the vocation of the individuals. The significant parts of the change that is being embraced by the administrations depend on the comprehension of the troubles and the difficulties that the workforce may look in adapting up to the circumstance (Hiini 2017). The workforce feels misused as the government provided the unwinding to the Boxing Day exchanging go about as their family time and security is undermined with the unwinding to the demonstration. The diverse test that is being looked by the workforce depends on the allowed to choose for work, where they are pressurized to work from the administration of the associations. Then again, the laborers are required to recharge the representatives who have not caused it to up for the afternoon. Along these lines, the work has influenced the inspiration of the representatives while sticking to the enthusiasm of the businesses. References Hiini, R. (2017), Archbishop Fisher: Boxing Day exchanging sabotages family and union, Catholic Weekly, 20 September. Accessible at https://www.catholicweekly.com.au/archbishopfisher-boxing-day-exchanging proposition subverts family-time-and-network attachment/ Inside Retail (2017), NSW Boxing Day exchange to proceed, 11 August. Accessible at https://www.insideretail.com.au/blog/2017/08/11/nsw-boxing-day-exchange to-proceed/ Murphy, J. (2017), Tamworth and New England stores remain open on Boxing Day, Northern Daily Leader, 11 August. Accessible at https://www.northerndailyleader.com.au/story/4849174/boxing-day-exchanging to-remain forregional-nsw/ Nine News (2017), Boxing Day changes 'ruin Christmas': association, 21 September. Accessible at https://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/09/21/10/04/boxing-day-changes-ruin-christmasunion. Patty, A. (2017), Workers feel compelled with Boxing Day exchanging stretched out across NSW, Sydney Morning Herald, 13 August. Accessible at https://www.smh.com.au/business/working environment relations/laborers feel-constrained with-boxingday-exchanging stretched out over nsw-20170811-gxu63g.html Pearson, A. (2017), Union reaction as Boxing Day exchange laws pass Parliament, Illawarra Mercury, 21 September. Accessible at https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/4939326/association reaction as-boxing-day-tradelaws-pass-parliament/ Perrottet, D. (2017), Boxing Day Shopping Here to Stay in NSW, Media Release, 10 August. Accessible at https://www.treasury.nsw.gov.au/locales/default/records/2017-08/20170810%20-%20Media%20Release%20-%20Perrottet%20-%20Boxing%20Day%20Shopping%20Here%20to%20Stay%20in%20NSW.pdf Take the Time (2018), Workers ransacked of Boxing Day for reasons unknown; December retail figures drop, Media Release, 7 February. Accessible at https://www.takethetime.org.au/media-releaseworkers-burglarized boxing-day-no-reason-december-retail-figures-drop/ Tin, S. (2017), MP traverses Boxing Day exchanging laws, The Daily Telegraph, 21 September. Accessible at https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/mp-crosses-floor-overboxing-day-exchanging laws/report/ebdefedda2885cd89265f5f95208a5c4

The scoop on switching degree course mid-way through

The scoop on switching degree course mid-way through The scoop on switching degree course mid-way through We’re probably not telling you anything you don’t already know if we say that applying to university is kind of a big deal for 17- and 18-year-olds. A great deal of agonising goes into the process. Agonising about both picking the right degree course and institution, and about getting the necessary grades to meet any offers. After all, this is the next three years of your life, right? Well… not necessarily. Or at least, not anymore. The Universities Minister, Jo Johnson, has recently announced plans to greatly enhance the “portability” of degree qualifications. This will bring UK Higher Education much more into line with systems in North America, for example, where it’s relatively commonplace for students to transfer mid-degree between institutions. UCAS, the university admissions service, will support this change by allowing students to search for mid-degree transfer opportunities. This is undoubtedly a student-centred move. It should make life much easier for students whose circumstances change, leaving them unable to complete a three-year stint at the university to which they were originally admitted. But in an era of cutthroat market competition between universities, the planned changes have also led to reports that universities are set to “poach” mid-degree students from other institutions. Below we look at some of the benefits and drawbacks to portability. The benefits and drawbacks for students The availability and relative ease of qualification portability promised by these proposals is excellent news for students who, for a variety of reasons, are unwilling or unable to continue to study at the university where they started. Homesickness, stress, and depression are all perfectly valid reasons why a student might not wish to continue a university experience that has failed to live up to their expectations. And a lot can change in three years: a sick relative, financial worries, or any of a wide range of factors, could mean a student’s circumstances going into their second or final year could look very different than they did when they started. Previously a student in such circumstances might have been forced to start their degree over if they wanted to pursue it at a different institution â€" or simply drop out and see all their hard work go to waste. It’s therefore good news for all kinds of students in less than ideal circumstances that transferring credits b etween institutions is set to become easier. There are a number of more strategic reasons why students might want to switch institutions too. For those who have narrowly missed out on a place on their preferred course of study because they didn’t get the A Level results they expected, the ability to transfer may offer them a second chance: a record of outstanding academic success in the first year of a programme at a less preferred institution might well prefer admissions tutors at the first-choice institution that the student is, after all, worthy of a place. This, though, is where some of the implications start to look a little less desirable. For all the talk of students “trading up” to a better institution, it remains a fact â€" and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future â€" that not all universities have the same academic expectations. And, that a first year in any given subject at institution A may only bear a vague similarity to that at institution B. Students who “trade up” to universities with higher academic standards â€" or simply to the second year of a program that differs considerably from the one they started â€" may find themselves struggling to keep up. And the added uncertainty that may arise from being forced to take “stick-or-twist” decisions about your degree course midway through is another cause for concern. Students develop strong identifications with their universities and their social networks often centre around the campus they’ve come to consider as home. Internal or external pressures to ditch all that because “better” options are available may add to undergraduates’ already considerable stress loads. What about for universities? This really depends on where the institution is in the “food chain.” For more desirable universities, the option to poach the best-performing students from less prestigious institutions is likely to be an extremely attractive one. The ability to pass on promising students who didn’t quite make the grade, and then subsequently to revisit that decision if their first-year performance exceeds expectations, is a luxury that historically admissions tutors simply haven’t had. But there are concerns that this system could be abused to form a kind of admissions “backdoor”. Institutions would be allowed to maintain their stringent entry requirements for first-year admissions â€" and the prestige that goes along with such stringent requirements â€" but also to swell their ranks, and hence their takings, with less capable, mid-degree students. Perhaps the greatest concern, though, is over less prestigious universities. They often play host to greater numbers of students from their local communities and tend to invest a lot of effort in their teaching practice. There is concern they will become “feeder” institutions, and be penalised for their own successes if their best students are routinely enticed away by better-ranked institutions. You may also like... Universities’ financial prospects: should we be worried? Its high time universities move past BTEC snobbery Why is London attracting so many fresh graduates? coursesdegreesstudent lifestudent newsuniversity applications

Difference Between Micro And Macro Economics - 895 Words

1. What is the difference between micro and macro economics? Give an example of a microeconomic phenomenon and an example of a macroeconomic one. If you look at the definition of the word micro, some words that come to mind are small and extremely tiny. Therefore, we can look at microeconomics as dealing with small quantities of the whole or specifics. At this end, microeconomics deals with things at an individual level and studies issues such as consumer behavior, individual labor market and supply and demand. According to Taylor et al. (2014, pp. 14), microeconomics studies questions like â€Å"what determines how households and individuals spend their budgets? What determines the products, and how many of each, a firm will produce and sell?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Minimum wage can also affect employment. Whenever there is an increase in minimum wages the number of persons hired by a business will decrease thus unskilled persons will find it more and more difficult to attain jobs. This can thus lead to greater unemployment, homelessness and crime rates. It can also have positive effects on an individual level. Higher wages means that there would be more money available to deal with expenses and when the minimum wage level is increased, higher level wages increase as well. However, there are also disadvantages. When the minimum wage level increases businesses may mechanize to cut back on cost which would lead to greater unemployment. This article was very interesting because I used to think of the increase of minimum wages from purely a positive perspective but after reading this article, I have come to realise that this increase can also have very negative consequences for individuals and the society as a whole. 3. Provide an example of a sunk cost. How does this differ from a marginal cost? Explain a time you did (or should have) used marginal analysis to solve a problem. Sunk costs are expenses that have been paid out already and cannot be regained. For example, if a clothing and textiles company chooses to buy a new type of material to make clothes that are said toShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Macro And Microeconomics Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesMICRO AND MACROECONOMICS 7 SEPTEMBER 2016 Abstract: Two branches of economics that are vital to our study are macro and microeconomics. This piece of writing will attempt to differentiate them and provide a summary of an article from the internet that is relevant to the topic. The writer will also attempt to define a sunk cost, how it differs from a marginal cost and how he has used marginal analysis to solve a problem. The difference between macro and microeconomics A decentRead MoreThe Economic Inequality Of Hispanic Immigrant And The United States By Using Micro / Macro Level Lenses1049 Words   |  5 PagesHDFS 895 Families in Poverty Hyunjin Choi (Hailey) A45547219 Analyzing Economic Inequality in Hispanic Immigrant Population in the United States by Using Micro/Macro-Level Lenses According to the 2012 American Community Survey (ACS), the U.S. immigrant population stood at approximately 40.8 million, or 13 percent of the total U.S. population of 313.9 million (Nwosu, C., Batalova, J., Auclair, G., 2014). Along with its large number, immigration has had a very significant impact on the U.S societyRead MoreObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisionsRead MoreInvestigating What Macro-sociological Approaches and Micro-sociological Approaches Tells Us About Student Under-achievement in School850 Words   |  4 PagesInvestigating What Macro-sociological Approaches and Micro-sociological Approaches Tells Us About Student Under-achievement in School Macro-sociology approaches offer explanations for social phenomena in terms of the way in which social systems work as a whole. Micro-sociology gives explanations in terms of how people make things happen by interpreting their experience and acting on their interpretations. 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In utilizing the structural functionalism theory, a sociologist would formulate questions about how religious institutions

The China Syndrome Film Analysis Essay - 777 Words

Nitin Jacob A40531878 ESA 320 Film Paper December 6, 2011 The China Syndrome – Nuclear Power Plant Throughout my life I have always been interested in the theatre. I have enjoyed all types and forms of theatre. I have been too many plays and I have even attended an opera. My favorite form of theatre however is in the form of movies. The movies have been an escape from reality for me. It allows me to enter a world of fantasy and action, while being in a relaxed state of mind. I think my love for the theatre stemmed from my grandfather. My grandfather owned a movie theatre in India. Every time I would visit him, he would always take me to his theatre. We would always go into the projection room and he would show me how the†¦show more content†¦In other words, the core would have melted down to the earth and hit the groundwater, which would contaminate the area with radioactive steam. Throughout the film, Kimberly Wells, Richard Adams, and Jack Godell, try to alert the public about the risks of the production of a new nuclear power plant, while people are trying to stop them. The people that are trying to stop them are people that are people that are hired by the head operators at the Ventana Power Plant. Jack Godell goes into the plant with a gun and holds the control room hostage, demanding a live interview to tell the public how the power plant was dangerous. While he was doing this, the police come in and shoot him. Right before he dies, Jack Godell feels a faint vibration in the ground, but is unable to tell anyone. The connection I had with this topic is that over the summer, I took a class that told us to write about a specific topic. The topic that I wrote about was the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Disaster. I heard about the Fukushima Power Plant disaster very briefly and did not realize about the effects that were caused. 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Macbook Consumer Behaviour Analysis Free Essays

Business 4274F Consumer Behaviour Individual Assignment Oct, 26, 2012 General Information MacBook Air is a series of laptop created by Apple Inc. which makes the product distinguished and remarkable due to its ultraportability and thinness and elegant style. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbook Consumer Behaviour Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was originally introduced and released in Jan 29, 2008 by Steve Jobs, the previous CEO of Apple Inc. The company typically releases new models for this series annually. The most recent release was in Jun 11, 2012, which has two models, one has an 11’’ screen, and the other gets a 13’’ screen. The series of MacBook Air has been very successful since its inception. Its success is not only reflected in the vast profit it made for Apple, but also in the inspiration it gives to the whole PC manufacturing market to make ultraportable and elegant-style laptop which can also balance performance. Hardware The most important factor which makes the MacBook Air so successful, in my opinion, is the great balance of portability and power of the product. The laptop features a unibody design which makes possible to significantly reduce thickness and weight, and also it integrates with the latest CPU of Intel (3rh generation Core i5 and i7), and SSD (Solid State Drive) to give more power and capability to use. The design is another factor. The machined aluminium casing and backlit keyboard make it look elegant and handsome. This design also delivers inspiration to the PC manufacturer. Many PC manufacturers copied the design and used it to re-design their own laptop, and they call them â€Å"Ultrabook†, which is targeted the same consumers and market as the MacBook Air. Software Compared with the hardware, the software is a more distinguished component of the product. MacBook Air, as well as other Mac series, is using the Macintosh system (also called OS X system). Unlike the PC industry where manufacturer buy the system license from Microsoft, which separates the hardware and software, OS X system is solely designed by Apple with the intention to work perfectly with the hardware. The trackpad on the laptop is the best over other laptops. People can use multi-touch gestures which enables them to control the laptop naturally and smoothly as they are using the iPad. And also, the system has come with many apps designed by Apple, so that those apps have uniform style with the system and great features. Involvement I have high-involvement attitude toward MacBook Air, referring to the ABC Model of Attitude. Before I got the feels about the product, I have got some beliefs of it, as follows: 1. The logo of Apple for me has been a label of â€Å"good design† and â€Å"user-friendly† 2. I had bought iPod and iPad, so I’m sure the Mac will be suit me as the other two products do 3. A friend who also has the products told me the laptop changed his life 4. The OS X system is more beautiful than the Windows system 5. Portability is the priority because I want to carry it with me everywhere, and Mac has it 6. The system has faster response and less virus threats than Windows 7. Mac has very good synergy with other Apple products, so it can work well with my iPad I evaluated those beliefs according to my values, which is, referred to textbook, a belief that some conditions is preferable to its opposite. My values are the preferences of efficiency, elegant style, and reliable performance. Those beliefs give me a feel that the laptop is worth buying, though it’s more expense than other laptops. And then the feel gives me the behavior, which is the intention to pay for that. This is a high-involvement attitude toward the product, because the choice process is very careful and comprehensive. This also yields a great brand loyalty to Apple, and makes me wipe all the Windows-based laptop out from my buying list. Means-end Chain Analysis Attribute-value Table Attribute Fast response Portability Elegant style Less virus threats Benefit I can use it anytime I need it I can carry it with me I feel happy when I see the beautiful thing I feel safe and less worries Value A more efficient life A comfortable life Pleasure Safety Synergy with my iPad More efficient to use my iPad and the Mac Efficiency Associative Network of Knowledge The associative network of knowledge starts at the laptop, which is the class-level decision, and Apple’s laptop is the most favorable product for me, because it has the most links with the positive end states. The laddering technique illustrates the most important end state is efficient and comfortable. Cheap Windows system Microsoft PC Familiar Product Comfortable Laptop Good taste Elegant Apple Thin and light Portability Expensive Safe Synergy with other product Fast response Good CPU Carrying it with me SSD Efficient Advertisement In this advertisement, the MacBook Air was put on a file bag. The comparison of the Mac and the bag makes me believe the laptop can be placed into the small bag easily. The message the ad delivers to me is very clear: the product is very handy and portable. The message delivery is very efficient, because this is what I concern about. The picture let me think about the portability of the laptop, which is the attribute of the product, and then I would think about the benefits the portability can give me, for example I can carry it with me everywhere and I won’t be tired by its weight. Last, I compared the benefits with the end values of mine, if those benefits meet the values, it yields positive attitude and feel about the product. How to cite Macbook Consumer Behaviour Analysis, Essay examples

Loyalty Programs Iocl free essay sample

Loyalty Programs * Email * Print IndianOils loyalty programmes are designed exclusively to benefit the large number of its customers who have been patronising the brand for over five decades. XTRAPOWER The XTRAPOWER Fleet Card programme is a complete smart card-based fleet management solution for fleet operators and corporates for cashless purchase of fuel lubricants from designated retail outlets (petrol pumps) of IndianOil through flexible pre-paid and credit facilities. The fleet card also offers an exciting rewards programme and unique benefits like personal accident insurance cover and vehicle tracking facilities. In just under two years of its launch, it has emerged as the largest fleet card in the country with the widest retail outlet coverage. Any business entity owning or operating a vehicle fleet can become a member of the XTRAPOWER fleet card programme at a nominal annual charge. Each fleet owner is issued a Fleet Control Card and vehicle-specific Fleet Cards for every vehicle enrolled under the programme. We will write a custom essay sample on Loyalty Programs Iocl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For enhanced security, the fleet card transactions are authorised through a unique Personal Identification Number (PIN). Moreover, the card can help track each vehicles movement across remote corners of the country, leading to an improvement in vehicle utilisation and route compliance. XTRAPOWER is also backed by IndianOils vast infrastructure network and web-based support services. Easy Fuel gift card The XTRAPOWER Easy Fuel gift card facilitates corporates in paperless gifting of fuels and lubricants to their employees, customers and other stakeholders, that too from select IndianOil retail outlets numbering over 6,000. As Indias first smart card-based fuel voucher, it offers amazing convenience and security among the gifting options available today, and comes with the option of multiple recharging, or topping-up, and hence ideally suited for reimbursement, repeat incentivisation, etc. Corporate members can log into the dedicate website for allocating requisite funds and for topping up. All transaction details can be viewed on the website, thereby eliminating the need for maintaining separate MIS for reimbursements. A 247 dedicated toll-free helpline (1800 4255599) caters to customer queries. Further details on the XTRAPOWER Fleet Card and Easy Fuel gift card are available on www. iocXTRApower. com. XTRAREWARDS IndianOil XTRAREWARDS is Indias first online rewards programme that seeks to inculcate the habit of redeeming points. It is currently active in Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneshwar, Coimbatore, Mysore, Pune and Secunderabad, with plans to reach other cities soon. The loyalty programme rewards customers paying by cash, credit and debit cards. Each transaction is confirmed online through a charge slip and customers can earn points on fuel/lube purchases at participating IndianOil retail outlets. Additional points can also be earned outside the IndianOil network, covering prominent FMCG, Food, Automobile, Travel, Entertainment, Apparel and Hospitality sectors. Apart from redeeming the accumulated points instantly on fuel / SERVO lubricants at participating retail outlets, card-holders can also redeem the points to get exciting gift items from a catalogue. The redemption on gifts can be registered either from the participating retail outlets or from the comfortable confines of ones home through the 247 IVRS Help Line (1800 22 4111). The programme continuously provides the cardholder with privileges, benefits and offers from a large number of alliance partners, including restaurants, pizza companies, automobile service stations, jewellers, and online shopping companies. Further details on the XTRAREWARDS programme are available on www. XTRArewards. com. | Did you mean : ioc outlets in soth ex delhi Ioc petrol pump, South extension part 1 Results. Compare Top Results Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (R Petrol Pump R K Puram,Delhi IOC * sms Sunil Service Station Petrol Pump Moti Bagh,Delhi IOC * sms Sabharwal Service Station Petrol Pump Ramakrishna Puram Sector 5/ R K Puram Sector 5,Delhi IOC * sms Gupta Service Station Petrol Pump, Public Phone Booth Moti Bagh South,Delhi IOC * sms Pragati Service Station Petrol Pump Minto Road,Delhi IOC * sms Queens Road Service Station Petrol Pump, Car Service Centre Vasant Vihar,Delhi IOC * sms Irwin Road Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi IOC sms Bajdhani Services Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi IOC * sms Metropole Service Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi IOC * sms Irwin Road Service Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi How to get started? Purchase a pre-activated IndianOil XTRAREWARDSTM  Ã‚  Card from any authorized marketing channel including your nearest participating IndianOil Retail Outlets. Complete the physical application form kept in the Welcome Kit and hand it over to the channel from where you have purchased the XTRAREWARDSTM card or mail the filled up application o:  IndianOil XTRAREWARDSTM, Member Service Centre, P. O. Box No. 7645, Malad Post Office, Mumbai-400064. Alternatively, fill up and submit the application on-line on this Web Site. Your membership will not get registered and you will not become eligible for the benefits under the Program if the completely filled up and legible application form is not received by us within 60 days from the date of the first transaction at any Participating Establishment. Membership of Applications submitted on line will get registered instantly. Accumulating XTRAREWARDSTM PointsThe Program offers you XTRAREWARDSTM points on purchase of fuel and/or Servo Lubes from participating Retail Outlets of IndianOil. This includes the participating Retail Outlets of its group companies, Indo Burma Petroleum Co Ltd (IBP) and Assam Oil Division (AOD). To provide you with a unique Xtra Value, the XTRAREWARDSTM Program also entitles you to XTRAREWARDSTM points on purchases at affiliates, franchisees and outlets of alliance partners with whom IndianOil may have alliance from time to time. This would provide greater earning opportunities on your XTRAREWARDSTM card, giving your spends that Xtra Edge. Promos and on-line accumulation of PointsWe have gone the Xtra Distance to make XTRAREWARDSTM the only online rewards program in the country that updates your points by the minute; a deserving benefit for our most valuable customer. We also assure you of a never-ending stream of regular promotions and offers to keep you excited and provide you with a plateful of unmatched XTRAREWARDSTM! Tracking your XTRAREWARDSTM PointsXTRAREWARDSTM Points can be tracked through the Website www. xtrarewards. com, a dedicated Helpline or from the Terminal at the participating IndianOil Retail Outlets. You can also send a query via SMS by messaging XRP to 9223052305. For instance, if your card no. is 3100000112, SMS the message XRP 3100000112 to 9223052305. Rewards Galore! Your XTRAREWARDSTM offers you the opportunity to instantly redeem the points you earn for fuel and/or Servo Lubes, at participating IndianOil Retail Outlets. What’s more, to meet your aspirations, we also offer an exciting Rewards Catalogue from which you can choose to redeem your XTRAREWARDSTM points. That, we concede, might be a difficult choice to make, indeed! Redemptions can be registered at participating Retail Outlets of IndianOil, through the Help line or the web site www. xtrarewards. com. Note: Kindly go through the Frequently Asked Questions, Terms Conditions and Rewards Catalogue for full information on the Program. | Top  | | | |

pearlharbor essays

pearlharbor essays Reasons that Japan Involved the U.S. in War For more than fifty years, historians and social scientists have been questioning whether or not the United States was already at war prior to the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Because of the conflict that already existed regarding Japans expansionist practices, the United States may or may have not needed to have its hand forced in the official designation of war in the Pacific. As the Japanese Empire had grown, so had its control over its territories. For example, in the early 1930s, Japan invaded Manchuria, a clear sign that the Japanese did not intend to lessen their efforts to gain control throughout Asia. The Japanese, who had blocked a number of Russian incursions into Manchuria, were moving in to gain control of the region's plentiful coal and iron, which Japan sorely lacked. In 1937, Japanese and Chinese forces fought near Beijing resulting in Japans occupation of northern China. The United States ostensibly disapproved of such actions but refused to take any direc t action in stopping it. Whether or not these conflicts began inadvertently or whether they were planned is unknown. Nevertheless, they led to a full-scale war known as the second Sino-Japanese War. Questions as to why Japan wanted the U.S. involved in war bring to bear the numerous issues involved in any discussion of pre-World War II Japanese-American relations, as well as those revolving around the war itself. It seems obvious that if there had been some level of agreement between the nations regarding the larger expansionist practices of Japan, the need for such a dramatically destructive move as the bombing of Pearl Harbor might have been avoided. Japans sense of achievement, as well as its sense of resentment, its attempt to learn from the West and its resistance to Western influence, warred with each other throughout the 1920s and early 1930s (Fallows 33)....

Avoid the Resume Black Hole With These Tips

Avoid the Resume Black Hole With These Tips Tired of applying and never hearing back? Use these resume tips to ensure your application makes it past the electronic gatekeepers. If you’ve ever looked for a job, you’re probably familiar with the notorious resume black hole. It goes something like this: You find the perfect job online, submit your resume, and then wait, hoping against hopes that you’ll receive a call back. More often than not, no one ever contacts you about your application and you’re left wondering what you could have done differently to change the outcome.Sound familiar? You’re not alone.As a career coach I often hear from job seekers who are frustrated by the lack of response from employers. What many of them don’t realize, however, is that often times, the hiring manager never received their job application.Let me explain. Before your job application is passed along to the hiring manager, it first has to be reviewed by one, if not two, initial gatekeepers: an electron ic screen known as an applicant tracking system (ATS), and a junior-level HR coordinator.In both of these cases, the gatekeeper has been instructed to scan the document for important pieces of information and terms related to the role at hand. If the resume meets this criteria, it will pass through the screen and make its way to the next reviewer, either an experienced recruiter or hiring manager who will have a better understanding of your work and capabilities. If your resume doesn’t make it past these initial gatekeepers, the hiring manager is never made aware of your application.Below are some resume tips to help your application avoid the resume black hole and make it through these initial reviews and to the top of the hiring manager’s pile.Avoid the Headers and FootersDon’t insert your contact information into the actual â€Å"header† portion of the Word document. This can get scrambled by the applicant tracking system and cause confusion for the re cruiter. Instead, decrease your top margin on the document to 0.5 inches and place your name, contact information, and hyperlinks at the top of the page.The same goes for using the â€Å"footer† section of the document.Stick to SimplicityWhile you may want to demonstrate your creativity to the hiring manager, the resume is not the place to do so. In fact, most ATS systems get easily confused by a resume’s extra bells and whistles, such as logos, pictures, embedded charts, symbols, and shading, and could easily reject your application out of confusion.Stick to standard fonts that are ATS-friendly. This includes Calibri, Arial, Tahoma, and Cambria. Click on the following link to view a full list of the best fonts for your resume.Use standard headers for the different sections of your resume, such as Professional Experience or Work History, Education and Professional Development, Technical Skills, and so forth.Lastly, upload your resume as a Word document instead of a PDF to the employer’s career site. ATS systems still have trouble processing PDFs and may miss important information in your resume. Save the PDF version for when you’re emailing your resume to a networking contact and want to ensure the formatting remains intact.Proofread Your Resume CarefullyWhile you may get dinged by a recruiter for misspelling â€Å"definately† when you meant to say â€Å"definitely,† at least they’ll be able to figure out what you’re trying to say. A software system will not. Don’t let your application get tossed into the resume black hole because of a simple typo.Proofread your resume. Then proofread it again. Then hand it over to your friend who majored in English and have them review it. Silly mistakes can be easily avoided if you take the proper precautions with these resume tips.Incorporate Relevant KeywordsEvery profession has its own set of jargon, acronyms, certifications, and skill sets that describe their work and industry. ATS systems are programmed to look for these resume keywords to rank your application and determine if you’re a good fit for the role.In order to make it past these initial reviews, it’s incredibly important to optimize your resume with relevant keywords. Start by reviewing the job descriptions you’re applying to and take note of the terms that routinely pop up on these job listings. If you possess these skills, incorporate these terms throughout your resume in the Core Competencies and Work Experience sections. Be sure to include a Technical Skills section towards the bottom of your resume that lists the systems with which you are proficient. You can also copy and paste a number of job descriptions into JobScan.co to identify the most frequently used resume keywords and see how your application measures up.Before you sit down to write out your role and responsibilities from your previous positions, take a look at the sample job descriptions you’ve gathered that represent your job target. How do they define the position and its responsibilities? What specific language do they use to state the core requirements for the role? If you’ve done that work before or possess those qualifications, describe it on your resume using the exact same wording.In addition, be sure to include the acronym as well as the full name of every job title, certification, degree, or organization that’s associated with your professional experience and qualifications. For instance, you may put â€Å"SSGB† after your name at the top of your resume, but be sure to also spell out â€Å"Six Sigma Green Belt† under your list of certifications. The same applies for common industry terms; while your job title may be â€Å"Director of MARCOM,† it’s important to also include the term â€Å"marketing communications† when describing your role.Don’t fall into the resume black hole. You may not be ab le to control the recruiter’s actions, but these resume tips will ensure your job application makes it past the ATS screen and onto a human being for review.This article was originally published on TopResume.TopResume is a Talent Inc. company, the personal branding destination for all career-driven professionals. Through our extensive network of professional writers, we offer career advice and analyze and write more resumes and LinkedIn profiles than any other service in the world. Ready to get started? Request a free resume critique today.

Conjectural View on conjoint impact of Leadership Substitute and Essay

Conjectural View on conjoint impact of Leadership Substitute and Leadership Neutralizer on Performance Outcome - Essay Example Academic Review The research paper was more about examining the indirect and direct impact of leadership substitutes on performance outcomes. Hence, pertinent research question for the paper was, â€Å"how leadership substitutes can influence the performance outcomes?† Michael K. Muchiri and Ray W. Cooksey used research works of various research scholars such as Arnold et al (2005), Lowe and Gardner (2001), Yukl (2010), Dionne et al. (2005), Avolio and Bass (2002) and Parry (2004) to define the leadership behaviour. The researchers’ duo also stressed on the fact that how particular leadership behaviour has relationship with social setting and what leadership strategy can be embodied to improve the performance outcomes of subordinates. In such context, Lowe and Gardner (2001) argued personal characteristics, organisational context and group processes can be served as alternatives for leadership or substitutes which have the capacity to create hierarchical leadership effe cts on subordinates (Muchiri and Cooksey, 2011). Writers of the research paper strongly argued that there cannot be a definite measure or definition of leadership because leadership is dependent on situational and social context. Dionne et al. (2005) argued that situational variables can not only act as substitute but also increase the effectiveness of leader’s behaviour. Muchiri and Cooksey (2011) argued that situational substitute can enhance the leadership ability influence and job performance of subordinates. Although, the research paper focused various aspects leadership substitutes but the researcher did not shed light on leadership neutralisers which can reduce the effectiveness of leadership. Careful analysis of the research works of Burke (2004), McArdle and Reason (2008), Hicks (2002), McNiff and Whitehead (2002) and Klosko (2000) reveal the fact that leadership has direct relationship with organizational dynamics (OD) process and an individual can play situational role to direct the activity of subordinates. Such kind of research findings supports the existence of leadership substitute which can even make leadership unnecessary. On the other hand, leadership neutralisers do not replace leadership but eradicate the influence of leadership. Muchiri and Cooksey (2011) also pointed out that there are leadership enhancer variables such as organizational environment, talented employee pool and employee which can significantly improve the impact of leadership on performance of subordinates. Research scholars such as Burke (2004), McArdle and Reason (2008), Hicks (2002), McNiff and Whitehead (2002) and Klosko (2000) stressed on democratic leadership aspects while other research scholars argued that democratic culture can be treated as leadership neutralisers. The researcher believe that research work of Michael K. Muchiri and Ray W. Cooksey has its own merit but scope of the research paper can be enhanced by considering leadership in general rather t han confining the research transformational leadership and social processes of leadership. The researcher duo used the transformational-transactional leadership theory proposed by research scholars such as Avolio and Yammarino (2002), Avolio and Bass (2004) and Avolio (2005) to develop their theoretical arguments. On the other hand, research works of Parry and Meindl (2002), Parry and Proctor-Thomson (2001) and Bartram and Casimir (2007) were used in

Professional Development in the Early Reading First Essay

Professional Development in the Early Reading First - Essay Example In particular, the teachers in the treatment group gave a specific response to implementing, modifying and extending the PD program. Rochelle and McGee (2011, p. 167) revealed that the treatment group achieved a mean score of 93.8 compared to the control group mean score of 82.3. Further, 67% of students belonging to the treatment group met the Government Performance Reporting Act guidelines of achieving a language rating of at least 85 compared to only 40% for the control group (Dail and McGee, 2011, p. 167). Summarizing the results of their experience as project directors, Dial and McGee (2011, p. 168) concluded that a PD approach in reading is associated with success. Carlisle et al. (2011) compared three models of professional development (PD) in reading among first grades and concluded that supporting teacher through seminars, evaluation, and coaching work best in leading teachers towards effective instructions among first graders. In the process of sharing their results, the au thors pointed out that professional development in reading is the best means of improving teachers’ competence in content areas that result into an improvement of instructions (Carlisle et al., 2011, p. 13). According to the authors, effective professional development in reading is characterized by deep subject matter knowledge as well as knowledge on how students learn content, commitment, course coherence and integration, participation and active learning, and institutional and professional support (Carlisle et al., 2011, p. 214). The authors cited several cases that indicate that reading instructions are successful if a professional development approach is used. For instance, according to the authors, the PD initiative among 17 poverty and low-achieving schools in Washington and Houston as carried by B. Foorman and L. Moats has been considered by the authors as very successful. One important argument forwarded by Carlisle et al. (2011, p. 230) is that PD is successful beca use teachers respond well to the approach. In a commissioned study in 2005-06, one of the research questions which the U.S. Department of Education was to find out the effects of professional development on student reading achievement (NCEERA or National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, 2009, p. 1). The study employed an experimental design in testing the effectiveness of professional development interventions in over 90 schools in six districts involving 270 teachers and 5,500 students (p. 1). The schools were randomly and equally assigned to an institute group, institute plus coaching group, and a control which received the usual professional development implemented in the district (NCEERA, 2009, p. 1). Some of the key findings of the commissioned research are as follows. First, teachers who were randomly assigned to avail professional development form institutes scored significantly higher on teachers’ knowledge compared with those in the control gr oup.  

A Swot Analysis Of American Airlines Tourism Essay

A Swot Analysis Of American Airlines Tourism Essay INTRODUCTION: American Airlines was the U.S.s largest carrier in 1992. It had a fleet of 622 jet aircraft, flying 2,450 flights daily to 182 locations. It also had innovative technology and programs. They were the first to introduce a computerized airline reservation system called Sabre, Super Saver fares and frequent- flier programs. Despite these innovations, American Airlines and the airline industry as a whole was still not operating as profitably or providing customer satisfaction the way it should in 1992. There were two main reasons. First, the airline industry was suffering from the economic downturns in 1990 and 1991. In 1991 alone, the industrys cumulative losses were $1.87 billion, which exceeded the total amount of profits the industry had ever earned throughout its 60-year history. American Airlines itself reported losses of $77 million in 1990 and $165 million in 1991. In terms of customers flying, the dollar volume of pleasure travel grew only 8% in the 1989-91 period compared to 19 % for 1987-89. The comparable figures for business travel were a 9% increase for 1989-91 in contrast to 28% growth experiences in 1987-89. April 9th, 1992 American Airlines announced that their yields were too low and they were going to bring value back to air travel through a new pricing strategy termed, Value Pricing. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths Market leader: American Airlines is the largest U.S. airline in 1992 with a 19.15 market share in 2001. Strong Innovation Technology: American Airlines created the first and largest Computer Reservation Service, SABRE, which was a valuable resource for yield management and extra profits. It was such an effective technological innovation that in 1992, 92% of domestic reservations were made through Computer Reservation Systems in the United States. Marketing Promotions: American Airlines were the first to create a frequent flier program aimed to increase brand loyalty with business customers in 1981. Distribution: The use of hubs meant replacing non-stop flights with a set of connecting flights, and this benefited both carriers and consumers. Airlines could serve more locations with fewer planes. American Airlines benefited by having six hubs in 1992, two of which are ranked as the largest airports in America: Chicago and Dallas. Market Growth: Between 1981 and 1991, passenger volume grew by almost   80%, the equivalent   of a compound annual growth rate of 6%. There are still opportunity gaps to further increase demand. Strong Brand Image: A survey that generated the ratings of domestic airlines on service quality, American Airlines had the joint highest satisfaction index of 76. This implies that American Airlines has a stronger image of high quality service, relative to competitors. Problems: There are high risks of delays and inbound flight delays of even a few will inevitably delay connecting flights and then affect large portions of the network thereafter. Enormous transaction costs from the extreme complexity of capacity planning, crew roistering, flight scheduling, ground handling and fare structures. High risk of missed connections and lost luggage with connecting flights Opportunity Increase the demand for air travel through reaching more customers and increasing the frequency of travel per customer: There is already a growing percentage of Americans is using air travel. In 1991, 76% of American Adults reported that they had flown at some time in their lives and 32% had flown in the past year. The increase in American air travel can be seen in the table below: Percentage of American adults who have: 1981 1989 1990 1991 ever flown? 65% 78% 74% 76% flown in the last 12 months 24% 34% 31% 32% The table implies that Americans are increasingly adapting to air travel and this means that their is an opportunity for American Airlines to continue their expansion. Price discrimination models: Price discrimination models provide an opportunity for American Airlines to capture the two main customer segments, business and pleasure travelers in the most profitable way. Using price discrimination models provides an increasing opportunity. Percent of American Adults traveling on: 1989 1990 1999 2001 Business 52 51 42 41 Pleasure 47 49 53 57 This provides an opportunity for American Airlines because the two segments have different demand fluctuations and buying characteristics and if American Airlines can capture both markets through different pricing fares then it will increase their yield per customer, smooth out overall demand fluctuations and achieve profit maximization. The differences can be distinguished by demand and buying values. Buying differences: Business travelers are more loyal to one particular airline because they have the ability to build up frequent flier miles. They are less pricing sensitive due to being more time sensitive. On the other hand, leisure travelers are less loyal, more price sensitive and more flexible in terms of time, date etc. Online Reservations: Like low cost airlines and adopt online reservations, which mean less need for travel agents, no paper tickets and convenient booking. American Airlines currently only serves 80 destinations worldwide, compared to 182 locations in the U.S. mainland and Hawaii. Therefore, there is a strong opportunity to focus on increasing long haul, international flights as opposed to short haul flights. Threats: After the deregulation of the airline, industry competition intensified as national and regional airlines grew or merged and became fixated on profit maximization. American Airlines major domestic competitors are United Airlines and Delta Airlines as they both operate with similar scope and service to American. American Airlines main competition from regional airlines includes US Air, America West, Southwest, TWA, Northwest and Continental. US Air serves primarily eastern and southwestern markets. American West and Southwest are discount carriers serving the Southwest and California areas. TWA that offered primarily coast-to-coast service, Northwest that served the Northern tier of the U.S. and Continental that served the southern tier. Furthermore, mergers meant that the combined market share of the four largest airlines rose from 54.2% in 1982 to 64.8% in 1987. Growth of low cost airlines: Low cost airlines are expanding rapidly. Southwest in particular is successfully promoting its bargain fares, low cost and no-frills approach to service and are the seventh largest U.S. carrier, though only operating in 15 states for local, and short haul markets. The low cost airlines are able to charge extremely low discount prices because: Distribution costs are reduced using direct selling through the internet or call centers and having no tickets Pricing segmentation only occurs on two variables: the date of booking and the effective demand of that specific flight so there are less complex fares and less restrictions imposed to increase customer satisfaction The operating expenditure passenger and their operating margin are also significantly higher. American Airlines does not have the ability to compete directly through matching such low prices because they could never achieve such low costs, nor does the brand image of American Airlines compliment this strategy. Airline Industry is vulnerable to price wars: Industries that have extra capacity, high fixed costs, and low differentiation and are price elastic are the most vulnerable to price wars. High Fixed costs and extra capacity are profit-damaging combinations because it means that airlines must have high yields through yield management in order to maintain profitability, which is very complex. Low Differentiation means customers see airline travel as a commodity- like business. In general, they simply want to get from one city to another in the shortest amount of time, at a convenient time that fits their schedule, and at a reasonable price. High Price Elasticity: Due to the combination of the above, airline travel is typically price elastic. Therefore, airline companies are becoming more inclined to lower prices in order to stimulate demand. Sensitive to economic downturns due to high fixed costs structure, for example in 1991 the industrys cumulative losses were $2.67 billion The dominant distribution channel is the travel agent. Therefore, the cooperation of travel agents with the Airline is necessary. Airlines get the agents cooperation through giving them commissions from ticket sales. Key Issues Develop a pricing strategy that will increase the demand of air travel and the long term profitability of the airline industry. Identify and evaluate alternatives by considering competitors reactions, customer impact on yield, costs and long term profitability. 1. Value Pricing The main objective of this pricing strategy was to provide simplicity, equity, and value for air travel, compared to the existing system with a multitude of ever changing fares and discounts. Value Pricing: Segmented Pricing: On any given flight, there would be only four different fares: First Class, Regular Coach, Discount Coach (booked seven days in advance) and Discount Coach (booked twenty-one days in advance). Each fare had different restrictions and offerings. E.g., Discount coach involved Saturday night stay over, advanced purchases (21 days), not refundable but they could be re-issued for another flight and priced 49% below the regular coach fares. New fares will be 38% below the levels of comparable existing fares and will be the same for everyone, meaning no need for special deals. Advertising: American Airlines would spend $20 million on media time and space over two weeks. They anticipated that revenue would increase additionally by $300-350 million annually and cost savings of $25 million per year. Pros  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Business travelers will benefit from value pricing. The advantages for business travelers is that, they  no longer need to worry about inflexible restrictions attached to reduced fares, forcing them to pay higher prices. Now they can get the advantage of being able to book at short notice but ensuring that they will still receive the same 38% off full Coach with no restrictions with any time fares. Furthermore, if they can book in advance they can pay even less. Reduced Costs: American Airlines forecasts cost savings of $25 million per year through the reduction in the number of fares offered, as it will reduce its CRS from 500,000 to only 70,000. Secondly, as all flights will be priced based on the distance of the flight path, so the variable costs actually determine the prices, in theory providing higher revenue. Cons Price elasticity: Air travel has quite high price elasticity as a review found that the majority of estimates were between the range of -.8 and -.2, with the elasticity for business travel generally being less than unity, while that for pleasure travel typically exceeding unity. Therefore, leisure travel demand changes with changes in price more than business travel because of a price change. American Airlines, the price sensitive customers will be highly dissatisfied by the new value pricing and they will be encouraged to switch to low cost airlines. American Airlines will no longer benefit from the business travelers that were typically price insensitive but time sensitive and so prepared to pay the higher costs. This will have incremental affects on yield and profitability as the high fixed costs of airlines previously depended upon business travelers to buy higher priced tickets. Competitors Reactions: For air travel demand, which in turn creates the lack of customer brand loyalty to airlines, a 38% reduction in American Airline prices in theory would cause customers to switch to American Airlines. However, American Airlines has failed to consider competitors reactions in their value pricing. Lower their prices to match American Airline prices to guarantee the consumer the lowest fare without committing to a lower price but ultimately keeping their customers and sending the message to American Airlines that they should increase their prices. In turn, this will reduce the profitability of the Airline industry, as airlines will need to keep lowering prices in order to remain competitive, leading to a decrease in profit margins and economic growth. Competitors reactions will ultimately prevent American Airlines from reaching their forecasted revenue for 1992. Promotion problems: The travel agents are less likely to promote this reduced fare platform and the CEO only plans a one-time $20 million advertising effort. High Fixed Costs of Airlines: American Airlines has a high cost structure and as a result, they rely on high-yield and high traffic.   Therefore, it is not feasible and it will be disastrous for them to lower costs in the long term without reducing their fixed costs. They expect market share to increase by an additional one-half of 1% of the total  U.S.  market. They believe that in the second quarter of 1992, revenues could decrease by $100 million, but that revenues will increase by $300- £350 million for the entire year. They assume that the demand for air travel as a method of transportation will increase by 3-4% with the new pricing structure. American Airlines yield and revenue assumptions are flawed because the value pricing is assuming that all present factors in the industry will remain the same but in reality competitors will match prices and travel agents will not be so cooperative. Break Even changes: American Airlines would need to increase their sales dramatically in order to break even, which will be very difficult. Regular Coach 1990 1992 1992 Route: New York- Chicago Old New New (including $20m advertising) Selling Price $854 $500 $500 Total Revenue (assume sell 1000) $854000 $500000 500000% Variable Cost as a percentage of the total costs 3.60% 3.60% 3.60% Variable Costs per person $40 $40 $40 Total Variable Costs $40000 $40000 $40000 Unit Contribution= selling price- variable cost $814 $460 $460 Fixed Costs   as a percentage of the total costs 96.40% 96.40%   96.4% +    £20m Fixed Costs ( 96.4/3.6=26.77740000= 1071111.111) 1071111.111 1071111.111 21071111.11 Break Even=   fixed cost/ unit contribution 1315.861316 $2328.502415 45806.76328 Break Even sales change 1012.641099 44490.90196 Break Even Point % sales change 176% 3481%   Pros Product Differentiation will be valued: On long haul flights added frills are valued because passengers are on the plane for longer so they will require more services in order to feel comfortable. There are a range of services and products that American Airlines has the opportunity to offer customers to differentiate their fare prices.. Reduce the risk of a price war. Through concentrating on long haul flights and maintaining low but profitable prices, competitors will be less likely to reduce their costs because American Airlines is the market leader and every competitor wants to have profit maximization. Furthermore, it will increase the long-term profitability of the industry as demand and profitability will increase. Increase customer brand loyalty: American Airlines are differentiating their products from competitors and if these differences are valued then customers will be encouraged to be loyal to American Airlines, as they will receive the extra benefits from the products on top of their frequent flier program. Opportunity gap in the market: Expanding into new markets will increase their customer base and market share as long haul flights e.g. 15-18 hour will become more and more popular through increasing international business communications. It is impossible for American Airlines to match the leading low cost airline fares while at the same time operating at a profit due to their higher cost per seat mile. The current brand is image of a high quality service airline. Simplifies pricing without the need to price too low and curbs demand, so customers will be willing to pay more and also they will better maximize flight capacity through curbing demand and so they will not suffer from opportunity costs found in value pricing. Cons Increasing the number of services will increase their variable costs per customer. Fixed costs will rise dramatically from initial expansion. Risk of International Business Problems: As American Airlines expand they must ensure that they maintain good communication or else their costs could increase Foreign markets will bring more challenges when facing new competitors Currency differences American Airlines does not react to the growing number of low cost airlines by matching their low prices then they will expand further, increase their market share within America with price sensitive customers and decrease American Airlines competitive advantage. This could reduce the profitability of the U.S. air travel industry in the long term. Require heavy investment, funding, planning and advertising in order to implement and communicate the difference of services between flight fares to customers and get customers to value these differences. Recommendation:   Recommended that Value Pricing be adjusted and combined with alternative three, to focus on long haul flights and segmented pricing through service differentiation as despite Value Pricing being a very innovative pricing strategy it has many shortcomings. The value pricing must be embedded in a broader and consistent marketing strategy. The value pricing aim to simplify fares through offering four fare structures should be implemented as this will reduce CRS costs and increase customer understanding of fare prices. However, the restrictions imposed should be reduced on the discount fares, otherwise customers will go to low cost airlines. Instead, it is recommended that fences be built between the different fares to prevent customers from switching from higher fares to discount fares through service differentiation, not just the transportation and a few marginal restrictions. Furthermore, American Airlines should focus on long haul flights as opposed to short-medium haul flights within America because it is within these flights that service differentiation is highly valued. In addition, if American Airlines can expand into more markets it will increase their market share and long-term profitability. This will also prevent the erosion of profitability in the airline industry because it will prevent a price war.

Consequentialism: Morality and Charitable Donations Essay

What are the moral consequences of consequentialism? Consequentialism is defined as of all the things a person might do at any given moment; the morally right action is the one with the best overall consequences. Peter Singer who is a philosopher expresses his views on animal rights, abortion, euthanasia, infanticide, and bestiality. According to William Crawley’s interview with Singer, Singer’s opinions on these topics provoke a great deal of controversy because there are really no concrete answers and the proposed solutions to these views are debatable. One of the most controversial issues is abortion, in the interview and article â€Å"Peter Singer: Abortion, the dividing lines,† Singer passionately speaks about his pro-abortion view and how to minimize the pain of the fetus when it is about to be murdered. The article can be related to the interview because Singer tells us what makes a person to be a person and what is a person of being a rational substance. In the interview he uses this example where if a baby was born with only a brain stem and nothing else in the brain. The child would never recognize his or her parents, have any emotions, communicate or do anything either, Singer argues based on determining whether or not this child is a rational substance, and rational substance is what defines a person to be a person. He said this child may be born by human parents, but it is not a rational substance nor will it ever be rational. A chimpanzee was also mentioned in the interview, where the chimpanzee is far more self aware, rational, capable of connecting and loving other species. The chimpanzee is rational and is just as prestigious as a humans. The child’s life will be completely up to the parents and doctors whether or not they are capable supporting the child and other factors involved. Singer does not think that murdering the child is immoral because that child is not a rational substance and never will be. I completely agree with Singer in this example, if there was a glimpse of hope where the child can progress I would believe it is wrong to let the child die, but in this scenario it is bringing emotional pain and to parents to see that their child can never recognize or communicate with them. There would not be much difference if the child dies naturally or put to death by parents and doctors, I agree the child is breathing and is alive, but he or she is not living life, not experiencing nor can ever experience the point of living. The point of living in life is to progress, learn, experience all types of hardships and happiness. I am not agreeing that we should let parents decide on whether or not putting to death on every abnormal child’s life, just under certain circumstances where as to speak of a child not being a rational substance or not capable of experience life. As for the article, Singer argued that abortion does not deal with any moral issues, how it is wrong to ask â€Å"When does a human life begin?† and address of potentiality of a fetus becoming a person. He first point out that having and keeping a child is severe hardship. On the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, the brain is not developed to the point where it is conscience. He further discuses how even in the last stages of pregnancy the fetus is not self-aware, and have the capacity to feel pain but it is not capable of doing anything right or wrong. Singer also points out how the opponent’s argues that the fetus have potentiality of becoming a person, or even the next Albert Einstein. He believes this argument is absurd, because billions of human cells can potentially become persons, and with our advance technology today we can make that happen. Singer concluded that the fine line of abortion to draw is at birth. I think that consequentialism in abortion depends significantly on the parents. I am a pro-choice to begin with, and I strongly concur with Singer on his views. I don’t think it even matters when the fetus forms into a human. I believe that parents are the only ones who can decide whether or not to abort the child because they are the one who have to take responsibility of the child after birth and their life will change significantly because of a child. Parents have to determine whether or not they actually want this child, and check if they are financially stable and emotionally ready. If abortions were abolished there would be dangerous abortions, more children in orphanages, child abuses and etc. Also the child’s health and wellness could jeopardize, because they were not brought to this world by choice. If it is immoral to abort a child, the risk of immorality of their life after birth is far more greater, and frightening. I think the fine line to draw is at the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy because abortion after a certain period would put the mother and child’s life at risk and if the parents were strongly negative about having a child abortion would occur on the earliest stages of pregnancy. Another controversial issue I want to discuss is derived from the interview and article â€Å"Why we should give away 25% of our pay?† where Singer discusses his views on how â€Å"murder is neglect.† and gives suggestions to help the world. In the interview, he shows understanding that everyone have normal obligations in contributing their income to their family and there should be a limit to that. Singer brings up statistic examples of how much children and adults die in a day and it can be preventable. He suggest that we can give up some of our luxury we own including restaurant meals, vacation, drinking tap water instead of bottled and etc. Singer also included that we can easily give up 10% of our income to organizations and can still live comfortably. The article is quite similar to his interview, and tries to emphasize this point â€Å"sorry, you have the same duty in both situations: to prevent poverty and death, simply because you can.† He started off with two examples showing the choices people make over their ethical duty to provide help to others. Singer also discusses the reason why people does not bother helping, it is because the person in need of help is not physically near us we do not feel the need or temptation to help. He continues to show the effort people need to put in, and the drastic changes it make. I strongly disagree with Singer, I believe charity is a choice rather than our moral obligation. I do feel that it is important to make charitable donations, and I do applaud and support people who are already donating a portion of their income to their local organization. I strongly disagree with Singer’s first example in the article, I would not care about a pair of new shoes over saving a friend’s life. That is not a comparable example to the rest of the ideas Singer expresses. I do not think we need to give up luxury in order to donate. Celebrating our success in restaurants and vacations is a reward to ourselves for the hard work and sacrifices we made to get where we are. It’s comparable to celebrating our independence day on July 4th, we can donate all the money spent on fireworks every year to charity. It goes as far as birthdays, christmas and all these other holidays. Celebrations are occasional rewards we give ourselves, its not like everyone gets a pr omotion or raise everyday. I am sure that we can defiantly save a huge sum from luxury spendings, however we will no longer be motivated to work as hard knowing that getting a promotion or raise is not a big deal and we end up donating them to charity. As to drinking bottle water instead of tap water, some people believe that tap water is filthy and not as clean as bottle. Some people uses luxury and money to benefit themselves in some way as their drive to work hard. People sometimes prefer certain luxury brands over cheap ones, because the quality is better and the life span of the product is longer. I agree with Singer that if we do not see the person who is in need physically, the chance of us donating is nearly zero. I think that people make charitable donations to achieve some kind of happiness, and moral fulfillment, but if we do not actually see how the donations actually help, people do not feel like as if they actually helped others in need. I agree that everyone can make a difference in people’s lives, however poverty and death is inevitable, and are everywhere. I believe people can make charitable donations after they care for their own health and wellness first, then care for their families and friends. Interview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMZvIZEO1E0 Article 1: http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/peter-singer-abortion-the-dividing-lines/story-e6frfifo-1111114264781 Article 2: http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/world/why-we-all-should-give-away-25-of-our-pay/2007/06/08/1181089326370.html

The Chronicles of Definitional Argument Essay Topics

The Chronicles of Definitional Argument Essay Topics Argumentative essays look at an idea or a problem and present each side when building a case for a single side specifically. Occasionally a claim can look as a definition claim, but nonetheless, it actually expresses a fact as an alternative to a stand on a single side of an argument. You ought to understand the term before you're able to define it for others. If you need assistance with a definition essay, or just do not have sufficient time to write it all on your own, no worries! Making up a topic by yourself is quite mind-torturing. As you probably know, simply because you've got a definition essay topic and a couple examples doesn't indicate you've got an essay. To begin with, if you're writing definition essay you will need to pick a topic which will be interesting. To generate the topics you merely have to choose definition essay in the sort of essay and set some keywords when you have any on your mind. Obviously, here, you'll discover a wide scope of topics and essay ideas. Research can and should nevertheless be utilized in a personal argumentative essay in order to create the major argument more compelling. Therefore, the above told six position essay topics can help you compose a superior piece to position essay, but be sure whatever topic you're selecting is not hard to understand and on which you get a good understanding, otherwise you won't be in a position to create sturdy arguments. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. Definitional Argument Essay Topics Ideas There are a number of ways to define a term. Don't forget that most nouns aren't our finest friends here. You must keep in mind that most physical object has definitions that are similar for most people, and so you will write about something, that usually don't have another opinion. 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In a definition essay, there are a few fundamental guidelines that you will have to follow. There are an endless number of words which can be defined in the period of an essay. Identify three conditions that you believe meet the definition. The 30-Second Trick for Definitional Argument Essay Topics After picking your subject, you should have the five varieties of arguments at the rear of your head throughout your writing. Instead, you should select a notion that connects with your intended audience. Even when you're stating your viewpoint, make sure you do not come off as biased. Rephrase the principal portions of the definition and make certain you summed up everything you planned on saying. What You Need to Do About Definitional Argument Essay Topics Additionally, learning what separates a great argument from a bad one is going to enhance your critical thinking abilities and allow you to resist bad arguments you might find in the media, at school, or in daily life. In the modern modern twenty first century world also, there are lots of components of the planet where women continue to be under male member of her family since they have hardly any rights in comparison to men. Each piece has certain characteristics and belongs in a given place to create the entire picture. The rest is going to be achieved by the site. Facts, Fiction and Definitional Argument Essay Topics It's important to pick the word which provides you enough to research and write about. You may find that there are a few normal tactics to utilize in elaborating a term. Define by just what the term doesn't mean. There are four unique methods for defining a term based on the matter. Ruthless Definitional Argument Essay Topics Strategies Exploited Attempt to pick a definition, which isn't widely used or which has various interpreta tions. Should you do, paraphrase the offered definition to prevent difficulties with plagiarism. From the above it looks like very uncomplicated. 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